Amabhayisekili kagesi: ikusasa lokuhamba okuluhlaza
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamadolobha nokwanda kwenani labantu, ukuminyana kwezimoto kanye nezinkinga zokungcoliswa komoya ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi. Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselele, amadolobha amaningi futhi afuna izinketho eziqhubekayo zokuhamba. Njengendlela yokuthutha evumelana nemvelo futhi elula, amabhayisikili kagesi kancane kancane aba ezinye zezihluthulelo zokuxazulula lezi zinkinga. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe umlando wokuthuthukiswa, izimiso zobuchwepheshe, izinzuzo kanye nokubi, kanye nezitayela zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo zamabhayisikili kagesi.
- Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwamabhayisikili kagesi
Umlando wamabhayisikili kagesi ungalandelelwa emuva ekhulwini le-19, lapho kwasungulwa isihlalo sabakhubazekile sokuqala sikagesi. Nokho, ibhayisikili langempela likagesi lazalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 futhi lasungulwa unjiniyela waseJalimane uCarl von der Rhein. Ngo-1885, waklama ibhayisikili likagesi elibizwa ngokuthi "ibhayisikili le-Delehine", elasebenzisa injini encane ukushayela iketanga ukwenza imoto ihambe. Nakuba leli bhayisikili likagesi linejubane nobubanzi obulinganiselwe, labeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa okwalandela kwezimoto zikagesi.
Kusukela ngawo-1950 kuya ku-1970, ngokugqashuka kwenkinga kawoyela kanye nokuvela kwezinkinga zokungcoliswa kwemvelo, amabhayisikili kagesi athola ukunakwa okubanzi. Kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningi zamabhayisikili kagesi ngalesi sikhathi, okuhlanganisa isihlalo esisodwa, izihlalo ezimbili, amasondo amathathu kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemikhawulo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esiphansi semakethe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhayisikili kagesi kuye kwehla kancane kancane.
Ekhulwini lama-21, ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, amabhayisikili kagesi aphinde athola amandla awo. Amazwe amaningi nezifunda zethule izinqubomgomo zokusekela ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi, futhi amabhayisikili kagesi abe umkhiqizo odumile. Namuhla, amabhayisikili kagesi asephenduke enye yezindlela zokuhamba eziluhlaza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
- Izimiso zobuchwepheshe zamabhayisikili kagesi
Ibhayisikili likagesi ikakhulukazi lakhiwe izingxenye ezine: motor, ibhethri, uhlelo lokulawula kanye nomzimba. Phakathi kwazo, i-motor ingumthombo wamandla webhayisikili kagesi futhi inesibopho sokuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla omshini; ibhethri inikeza amandla injini; uhlelo lokulawula lunesibopho sokulungisa isimo sokusebenza semoto ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwemoto; umzimba uthwala abagibeli nezinto, uhlinzeka indawo ekhululekile nephephile. Imvelo yokugibela.
- I-Motor: I-motor yebhayisikili kagesi ivamise ukusebenzisa i-brushless DC motor noma i-synchronous motor ehlala njalo kazibuthe. Amamotho e-Brushless DC asebenza kahle kakhulu, impilo ende yesevisi nomsindo ophansi, futhi njengamanje awuhlobo olujwayelekile lwamamotho wamabhayisikili kagesi emakethe. Izinjini ezihlala njalo zikamagnetic synchronous zinesisindo esilula kanye nokubaleka okungcono.
- Ibhethri: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamabhethri amabhayisikili kagesi: amabhethri e-lead-acid namabhethri e-lithium. Amabhethri e-lead-acid anenani eliphansi namandla amakhulu, kodwa asindayo futhi anesikhathi esifushane sokuphila; amabhethri e-lithium alula futhi aphila isikhathi eside, kodwa abiza kakhulu. Njengamanje, amabhayisikili amaningi kagesi emakethe asebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium ngoba ukusebenza kwawo kungahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zabasebenzisi.
- Uhlelo lokulawula: Uhlelo lokulawula ibhayisikili likagesi ikakhulukazi luhlanganisa isilawuli nomshayeli. Isilawuli sinesibopho sokwamukela imiyalelo yomsebenzisi kanye nokulawula isivinini semoto kanye ne-torque; umshayeli uguqula isignali yesilawuli ibe amandla kagesi adingwa yimoto. Ukwengeza, amanye amabhayisikili kagesi athuthukisiwe afakwe izinhlelo zokubuyisela amandla, ezingaguqula ingxenye yamandla e-kinetic ibe amandla kagesi futhi awagcine lapho ebhuleka noma ehla umqansa, athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
- Umzimba: Ukwakheka komzimba webhayisikili likagesi kudinga ukunethezeka, ukuphepha nokuphatheka. Izihlalo ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ezithambile ze-cushion ukuze kuthuthukiswe induduzo yokugibela; idizayini yesibambo iyadingeka ukuze uhambisane nezimiso ze-ergonomic ukuze ukwazi ukugibela isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuzizwa ukhathele; umzimba uyadingeka ukuba ube nesakhiwo esiqinile kanye nesikhungo esiphansi sokudonsela phansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kokushayela.
- Izinzuzo kanye nokubi amabhayisikili kagesi
inzuzo:
- Okuluhlaza okotshani kanye nemvelo: Amabhayisikili kagesi asebenzisa amandla kagesi njengomthombo wamandla, awadli imithombo ye-petroleum, futhi akhipha izinto ezingcolisayo. Ziyindlela evamile yokuthutha eluhlaza.
- Ukonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zikaphethiloli, amabhayisikili kagesi anamandla aphezulu okuguqula amandla futhi anganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
- Ukuhamba ngekhabhoni ephansi: Amabhayisikili kagesi awakwazi nje ukudambisa ngempumelelo isiminyaminya sasemadolobheni, kodwa futhi anciphise ukulimala kokukhipha umoya wezimoto endaweni nempilo yabantu.
- Kulula ukupaka: Ibhayisikili likagesi lincane ngosayizi futhi lithatha indawo encane, okwenza kube lula ukupaka endaweni encane.
ukwehluleka:
- Ibanga lokuhamba elinomkhawulo: Ibanga lokuhamba lamabhayisikili amaningi kagesi okwamanje asemakethe liphakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-50 kuya kwangu-100, lisemuva kakhulu ngezimoto nezinye izinto zokuhamba.
- Isikhathi eside sokushaja: Isikhathi sokushaja samabhayisikili kagesi side, futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora ambalwa ukushaja ibhethri ngokugcwele, okungenzeka kungabi lula ngokwanele kubantu abadinga ukulisebenzisa njalo.
- Ikhono lokukhuphuka elibi: Ngenxa yamandla emoto alinganiselwe, ikhono lokukhuphuka lamabhayisikili kagesi ngokuvamile alifani nelezimoto zikaphethiloli nezithuthuthu.
- Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu: Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhayisikili ajwayelekile, izindleko zokuthenga kanye nezindleko zokunakekela amabhayisikili kagesi ziphezulu.
- Amathrendi entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yamabhayisikili kagesi
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuqwashisa ngemvelo, amabhayisikili kagesi azongenisa indawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa. Okulandelayo amathrendi entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yamabhayisikili kagesi:
- Ukuqamba okusha kubuchwepheshe bebhethri: Amabhayisikili kagesi esikhathi esizayo azothuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ukwandisa ukuminyana kwamandla, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukwelula impilo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukukhuthazela nempilo yesevisi yebhayisikili kagesi.
- Ubuhlakani Ne-inthanethi+: Ngokuzayo, amabhayisikili kagesi azohlanganiswa ngokujulile nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-inthanethi Yezinto, idatha enkulu, nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile nokwenza kube ngokwakho. Abasebenzisi bangabheka ibanga lebhethri elisele, isimo semoto nolunye ulwazi ngesikhathi sangempela nge-APP yeselula, futhi balungise izilungiselelo zemoto ngokuya ngezidingo zomuntu siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzulazula okuhlakaniphile, ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo neminye imisebenzi nakho kuzoba izici ezijwayelekile zamabhayisikili kagesi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wokwabelana: Ngomkhuba oyimpumelelo wamabhayisikili abelwene, umqondo wokwabelana umnotho uzoqhubekela phambili ungene emkhakheni we amabhayisikili kagesi. Ngokuzayo, kulindeleke ukuthi sibone amabhayisikili amaningi kagesi abelwe avela kuwo wonke amagumbi edolobha, ahlinzeka abasebenzisi ngezinketho zohambo ezilula neziluhlaza.